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The PL-series of lasers include grating tuned CO2 lasers with a step tuneable wavelength from 9.1 μm – 10.9 μm with single line powers from a few Watts (Model PL2), to 50 W (Model PL5) and even to 180 W (Model PL6), each characterised by excellent amplitude and frequency stability for the most technically challenging tasks.
The PL2 laser lends itself to flexible tailoring to scientific applications. For example, if used with our 184TS pump station, the laser head can be filled with the desired isotopic gas mix which gives the user access to a range of alternative wavelengths.
The higher power PL-series lasers can be used to optically pump polar gases (for example methanol, formic acid, etc) to create Far-Infrared (FIR) laser emission (Far Infrared/Terahertz lasers). The FIR/Terahertz region (40 μm – 1.2 mm, or 7.5 THz – 0.25THz) can be used for temperature measurement of fusion reactor plasma. There are also many applications in homeland security and scanning, scattering density measurements, radar modelling, etc.
[accordion clicktoclose=”true”][accordion-item title=”PL2-M / PL2-S (1 W to >10 W output power)”]
The PL2-M has a maximum rated power of 10 W and the PL2-S has a maximum rated power of 1 W on the strongest lines, and more than 60 lines are available. The laser is operated in sealed-off mode with initial gas lifetime guarantee of 12 months. A vacuum valve is fitted to allow user replenishment, with standard or isotopic gas mixtures for ultimate flexibility and ease of operation at lowest cost. Operation is via a hand held control console for laser ON/OFF, discharge current (with liquid crystal display) and piezo voltage.
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[accordion-item title=”PL3 (>20 W output power)”]
As with the PL2-M, the PL3 gas is user replenishable. By changing the cavity optics and gas mixture, the PL3 can be converted into a tunable CO2 (from CO laser) laser covering the 9.1 μm to 10.9 μm region. Typical single line powers are 20 W for CO2. The PL3 is driven by the compact, LPS-D dual output switch mode power supply.
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[accordion-item title=”PL5 (>50 W output power)”]
The PL5 is a flowing gas CO2 laser producing single line powers in excess of 50 W and operating on more than 80 individual lines. The cavity optics consist of two ZnSe Brewster windows, a gold coated diffraction grating and a ZnSe output coupler. The laser head is supplied with all necessary vacuum couplings, valves and a capsule gauge to enable flow operation. A suitable vacuum pump is available to complete the system.
Q-Switched operation of the PL5 can be achieved with the PL5-QS option. This is a six sided polygon scanning mirror assembly which mounts in the intercavity space between the grating and rear Brewster window. Depending on laser operating conditions, pulses of typically 2 kW peak power and pulse widths of 200 ns are achieved at frequencies up to 1kHz.
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[accordion-item title=”PL6 (>180 W output power)”]
The highest power tuneable CO2 laser currently available is the model PL6, offering single line power up to 180 W and more than 90 lines across 9.1 μm to 10.9 μm. The flowing gas laser head is a single U-folded design with twin discharge tubes. The laser resonator is passively stabilised with a 5 bar invar support frame which is decoupled from the laser base by orthogonal rose bearings.
Cavity optics comprise of a gold coated diffraction grating and piezo-mounted output coupler. Within the cavity, two high reflectivity folding mirrors reflect the beam internally and two ZnSe Brewster windows are used to seal the discharge tubes. The PL6 is driven by the PL6 power supply.
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Specification | CO2 | CO2 | CO2 | CO2 | CO2 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Model Name | PL2-S | PL2-M | PL3 CO2 | PL5 | PL6 |
Output Power - flowing (W) | - | - | - | 50 | 180 |
Output Power - sealed (W) | 1 | 10 | 20 | - | - |
Number of Lines | 50 | 60 | 80 | 80 | 90 |
M2 | 1.25 | 1.25 | 1.35 | 1.25 | 1.50 |
Beam Divergence - 1/e2 (mrad) | <7.5 | <6.5 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3.5 |
Beam Diameter - 1/e2 (mm) | 4.0 | 4.8 | 7.5 | 7.5 | 11.0 |
Polarisation | Vertical | Vertical | Horizontal | Vertical | Vertical |
Amplitude Stability | <±1% | <±1% | <±1% | <±1% | <±2% |
Frequency Stability (kHz/sec) | 200 | 200 | 60 | 500 | 500 |
Frequency Stability (actively stabilised) (MHz/10min) | ±1 | ±1 | ±1 | ±2 | ±2 |
Cavity Length (cm) | 42 | 77 | 178 | 183 | 388 |
Dimensions (L) (cm) | 65 | 110 | 221 | 220 | 220 |
Dimensions (W) (cm) | 12 | 12 | 52 | 22 | 45 |
Dimensions (H) (cm) | 13 | 13 | 37 | 22 | 32 |
Weight (kg) | 18 | 18 | 100 | 36 | 125 |
Gas Requirements | Sealed / user replenishable | Sealed / user replenishable | Sealed / user replenishable | 1.2 lit/min (flowing gas) | 9 lit/min |
Specifications | Spectral | Phosphorescence Lifetime | Fluorescence Lifetime |
---|---|---|---|
Mode of Operation | Single Photon Counting | Time-Resolved Single Photon Counting (Multi Channel Scaling - MCS) | Time-Correlated Single Photon Counting (TCSPC) |
Lifetime range | Milliseconds to hours | 10 ns - 50 s * | 5 ps - 10 µs * |
Sensitivity | >35,000:1 ** | n/a | n/a |
Excitation Sources | |||
Type | 450 W ozone-free xenon arc lamp | Microsecond flashlamp | Picosecond pulsed diode lasers (EPLs, HPLs) and pulsed LEDs (EPLEDs) |
Spectral Range | 230 nm- > 1000 nm | 200 nm - >1000 nm | Discrete wavelengths between 250 nm - 980 nm |
Pulse width | n/a | 1 µs - 2 µs | from 60 ps |
Options | Ozone generating lamp with spectral range 200 nm - >1000 nm | Low to medium repetition rate pulsed lasers. Variable pulse width VPL and VPLEDs | Nanosecond flashlamp 200 nm - >400 nm pulse width <1 ns |
* source and detector dependent ** standard water Raman measurement conditions: Excitation wavelength = 350 nm, Excitation and emission bandwidths = 5 nm, step size = 1 nm, integration time = 1 s, emission wavelength = 397 nm, noise measured at 450 nm and calculation based on the SQRT method |
Monochromator | Specifications |
---|---|
Type | Czerny-Turner with 'plug and play' triple grating turret |
Focal Length | 325 mm (double monochromators: 2 x 325 mm) |
Stray Light Rejection | 1:10-5 (single), 1:10-10 (double) |
Gratings | Mounted to triple grating turret |
Accuracy | +/- 0.2 nm * |
Minimum Step Size | 0.01 nm * |
Option | Spectrographs available for operations of CCDs and diode array detectors |
* grating dependent |
Detectors | PMT-900 | PMT-1010 | PMT- 1400/1700 | HS-PMT | MCP-PMT | HS-HPD |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Spectral Range | <200 nm - 870 nm | <200 nm - 1010 nm | 500 nm - 1700 nm | <230 nm - 850 nm | <200 nm - 850 nm | 220 nm - 870 nm |
Dark Count Rate | <50 cps (-20 °C) | <200 cps (-20 °C) | <20 kcps or <200 kps | <150 cps (0 °C) | <10 cps (-20 °C) | <200 cps (10 °C) |
Reponse Width | 600 ps | 800 ps | 400 ps or 800 ps | 180 ps | <25 ps | 20 ps |
Options | A wide variety of other photomultipliers and analogue detectors are available up to 5,500 nm |